留云草堂-許宏泉工作室

　　——京郊的另一種藝術(shù)棲居

　　項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：北京懷柔區(qū)某金屬材料廠(chǎng)

　　占地面積：1200 m2

　　建筑面積：800m2

　　設(shè)計(jì)周期：2016.4—2016.6

　　建造周期：2016.6—2016.11

　　業(yè)主：許宏泉

　　設(shè)計(jì)單位： officePROJECT 普羅建筑工作室(www.officeproject.cn)

　　主持設(shè)計(jì)師：常可，李汶翰

　　設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：張昊，趙建偉，謝東方，崔嵐

　　攝影：孫海霆

　　許宏泉老師是位畫(huà)家，也是個(gè)既會(huì)書(shū)法，又會(huì)寫(xiě)書(shū)，又擅長(zhǎng)文學(xué)評(píng)論的文人。在今年夏天,許老師經(jīng)人介紹找到我們，給他做這個(gè)懷柔橋附近的廠(chǎng)房改造。改造成他的工作室，也是他未來(lái)的家：留云草堂。

　　通過(guò)和許老師的交談，我們明晰了工作室的基本功能，無(wú)非就是工作室，茶室，臥室，書(shū)房等典型的藝術(shù)家工作室的配置。基地也是典型的條狀坡屋頂磚砌廠(chǎng)房，之前作為工廠(chǎng)辦公樓使用。廠(chǎng)房高度約6米，屋頂為三角形鋼桁架結(jié)構(gòu)，整體保存狀況良好。對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)，項(xiàng)目的特別之處在于，許老師是同時(shí)受過(guò)東西方教育熏陶的文人，他既在大學(xué)里和年輕的孩子們一起搞藝術(shù)評(píng)論，美術(shù)史研究。又先后師從羅積葉、黃葉村、石谷風(fēng)先生研習(xí)書(shū)畫(huà)和美術(shù)史。所以他不是一個(gè)“傳統(tǒng)”的畫(huà)家，因?yàn)樗粌H僅畫(huà)畫(huà)，他的文名甚至?xí)w過(guò)畫(huà)名。但他骨子里又是個(gè)傳統(tǒng)文人，默默堅(jiān)守著中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化里的文人氣質(zhì)和精神世界的生活。

　　我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在功能的需求上，點(diǎn)明了需要一個(gè)油畫(huà)室，還需要一個(gè)國(guó)畫(huà)室。兩個(gè)分開(kāi)的不同氛圍和場(chǎng)景的畫(huà)室。我們?cè)谶@份獨(dú)特的任務(wù)要求中，找到了我們的切入點(diǎn)：透視，這個(gè)典型的東西方繪畫(huà)最大的不同之處。

　　順著這個(gè)透視的線(xiàn)索，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一種嵌套式的生活場(chǎng)景。通過(guò)一系列心理分析。我們提出了一個(gè)藝術(shù)家的心理空間圖示。在這個(gè)圖示中，我們將人最基本的睡眠，飲食等生理需要放在中心位置，中間一層為會(huì)客，展示等社交需要，最外面一層為畫(huà)家最重要內(nèi)心的藝術(shù)追求與需求。如果將這個(gè)心理空間關(guān)系直接投射到建筑空間的布局上，我們可以創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)嵌套遞進(jìn)的空間結(jié)構(gòu)。通過(guò)房間角部的出口，人們從一個(gè)房間進(jìn)入另一個(gè)房間，通過(guò)每個(gè)角部的開(kāi)口，形成一條貫穿建筑的視覺(jué)通廊。因?yàn)檫@種嵌套式的平面布局，每一層的空間都包裹著另一層，到達(dá)一層空間需要穿越另一層空間，它們當(dāng)中發(fā)生的事情都被另一層影響和觀看，也同時(shí)徹底消滅了走廊的概念。

　　這種空間不免讓我們聯(lián)想到傳統(tǒng)水墨畫(huà)中的場(chǎng)景，如宋朝畫(huà)家周文矩的《重屏?xí)鍒D》，四個(gè)男性圍成一圈下棋或觀弈，在他們后方有一扇屏風(fēng)，屏風(fēng)中又畫(huà)著一個(gè)人在一扇屏風(fēng)前的榻上被幾人服侍。而這一扇屏風(fēng)上的透視角度使人看起來(lái)就和前方會(huì)棋的幾人處在一個(gè)空間內(nèi)，使人難以分辨屏風(fēng)到底是一幅畫(huà)還是空間的一個(gè)門(mén)框。有趣的是，這幅《重屏?xí)鍒D》最初也是裱在一扇屏風(fēng)上面。這樣就形成了畫(huà)中之畫(huà)，框中之框的三層嵌套關(guān)系，無(wú)法分清哪個(gè)是真實(shí)空間，哪個(gè)是再現(xiàn)的想象空間，形成了“重屏”的效果。

　　我們的這種空間布局也是意欲再現(xiàn)這種“重屏”之境。

　　由于廠(chǎng)房的周?chē)淮罅苛值匕鼑S老師希望能把臥室和書(shū)房搬到二層，這樣就能欣賞到窗外美景。于是我們?cè)鞠Ｍ趶S(chǎng)房?jī)?nèi)部解決改造的希望就被打破了。在這個(gè)改變之下，我們希望在加高的部分植入新的秩序來(lái)回應(yīng)新的需求，我們采取了變坡的處理方式。一方面是因?yàn)楦咂鸬亩記](méi)必要再采用坡屋頂，這樣會(huì)讓高度過(guò)高，顯得突兀。同時(shí)無(wú)法讓加建部分和原有廠(chǎng)房歷史形成某種區(qū)分和對(duì)話(huà)關(guān)系。透視的主題也由這個(gè)外在的形式暗示擴(kuò)展到了二層。另一方面，我們也覺(jué)得通過(guò)變坡的方式是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)意境的一種轉(zhuǎn)譯，我們想象著在雨中，雨水落在由緩及陡的屋頂上，自由落水的灑向院子。借由著這個(gè)坡屋頂，搭建出一個(gè)水與重力表演的舞臺(tái)。這個(gè)坡頂，一開(kāi)始我們打算做成一個(gè)純粹的雙曲面，但是限于廠(chǎng)家工藝和造價(jià)的限制，最終我們選擇了分段折面的屋頂形式，期間為了保證工藝還做了一次一比一的構(gòu)造試驗(yàn)，最終完成了這次有意義的從理想到現(xiàn)實(shí)的建構(gòu)“翻譯”。

　　最后，我們?cè)凇巴敢暬钠矫娌季帧焙汀白兤挛蓓敗敝猓蜎](méi)再做更多設(shè)計(jì)上的大動(dòng)作了，屋外的園林，屋內(nèi)的大量陳設(shè)，墻上的畫(huà)作等都是按許老師自己的意愿進(jìn)行的布置。這種大膽的設(shè)計(jì)上的取舍幸運(yùn)的完成了一次很好的設(shè)計(jì)師和甲方意愿的和諧融合。我們的設(shè)計(jì)就像是搭好了一個(gè)戲臺(tái)，又或者說(shuō)就像是傳統(tǒng)水墨畫(huà)的“留白”手法，讓中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化元素在這里充分的展示。許老師帶著他的學(xué)生和朋友們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)的整個(gè)過(guò)程中都深度參與，在工作室建成以后，還要陸續(xù)的辦昆曲《游園驚夢(mèng)》等藝術(shù)活動(dòng)。就在剛剛竣工完的一次試唱過(guò)程中，我們就領(lǐng)略到了昆曲的歌聲在整個(gè)高敞的工作室空間里回蕩的震撼場(chǎng)面。

　　走進(jìn)剛剛完成的工作室里，我們都能想象出接下來(lái)冬夜的雪中看湖;明年的夏日暖陽(yáng)下，許老師和朋友們?cè)诓枋移凡杪?tīng)琴;在大畫(huà)室搖椅上搖曳，蛐蛐鳴叫的一系列動(dòng)人場(chǎng)景了。

　　Hall within cloud-Art studio of Xu Hongquan

　　---Artistic living in suburban of Beijing

　　Location: Huairou District, Beijing, China

　　Site area:1200 m2

　　Building area:800m2

　　Design period:2016.4-2016.6

　　Construction period:2016.6-2016.11

　　Client: Xu Hongquan

　　Design Company:office PROJECT (www.officeproject.cn)

　　Team Leaders: Chang Ke, Li Wenhan

　　Design Team: Zhang Hao, Zhao Jianwei, Xie Dongfang, Cui Lan

　　Photographer:Sun Haiting

　　Doctor XU Hongquan is painter, and a literati who is good at writing books, calligraphy, literary review as well. Mr. Xu found us through friends this summer, to make this reconstruction of the old factory building, which will be used as his studio and home in future: Hall within the Cloud.

　　Through conversation with Mr. Xu, we clarify the basic function of the studio, which is studio, tea room, bedroom, study room, etc. The typical configuration of an artistic studio. The site is also a typical linear brick factory with slope roof, which was used as factory office before. The height of the building is about six meters, with the triangular steel roof truss structure, overall keep in good condition. For us, what unique about the project is, Mr. Xu is trained in eastern and western education at the same time, he is taking art comments and art history research in college together with young students,. And also had successively studied from Lou Jiye, Huang Yecun, Shi Gufeng about calligraphy, painting and art history. So he is not a "traditional" painter, because he is not only drawing, His literary achievements is even above drawing. However, he is also a traditional literati, who keeps lifestyle in spirit of Chinese traditional culture.

　　We find his demand on functions for an oil painting room, and a traditional painting room as well. Two separate studios with different atmosphere and scenario. In this unique mission requirement, we find our entry point: Perspective, the biggest difference between east and west painter art.

　　Follow this perspective clue, we designed a nested life scenario. Through a series of psychological analysis. We propose an artist's psychological space diagram. In this chart, we put sleep, diet and other most basic physical need in center position, reception, exhibition these social needs in the middle layer, the outermost layer as the painter's most important art pursuit and demand. If the psychological space relationship directly projected on the layout of architectural space, we can just create a nested progressive space structure. Through the corner of room export, people enter from one room to another, through the open of every corner, form a visual corridors through buildings. Because this kind of nested layout, space of each layer are wrapped in another layer, reach one layer space needs get through another one, Space events in each layer are affected and watched by another layer, this is also thoroughly eliminated the element of the corridor

　　This space may let us think of traditional ink painting scenario, such as painting < play chess in multiple screen>from Zhou Wenju in Song dynasty, four men in a circle to play chess. There is a screen behind them, In the screen which shows a person in front of another screen on the couch served by a few servants. This perspective on screen makes people feel like they are in the same space with play chess in front，which makes it difficult to distinguish the screen definitely is a picture or just a real door frame in space. It is interesting to note that the< play chess in multiple interfaces > originally is also mounted on a screen. Thus formed three layers of nested relations about the painting of the painting, box in box, impossible to distinguish which is the real space, which is the reappearance imagination space, a effect " multiple screen".

　　Our this kind of space layout is also intended to reproduce the " multiple screen".

　　Due to the site is surrounded by a lot of forest land, Mr. Xu hopes to move the bedroom and study to second floor, so that the beautiful scenario outside the window can be caught. So our plan which only do the modification inside the factory has been changed. Under this change, we hope to implant new orders to respond new needs, We took the gradient type slope roof as the treatment. On one hand, because of there is no need to use the slope roof, it will let the height too high and abrupt. Meanwhile this can't connect new added parts and the original factory history form into some kinds of distinction and dialogue relations. The perspective theme from the external form which hints that theme extends to the second floor. On the other hand, We also think by changing slope is a translation of traditional artistic conception, we imagine in the rain, raindrops fall on the slow and steep roof, and then gently sprinkled on the yard. Make the slope roof as a water and gravity acting stage. At first we are going to make the top a purely hyperboloid, but as the limitation of manufacturers craft level and cost, we chose the segmented folding roof form finally. In order to ensure construction quality , we also made an 1:1 scale structure test sample before the construction. Finally this meaningful construction from ideal to reality "translation" complete.

　　Finally, In addition to "the perspective of layout" and "changing slope roof", We didn't do more big actions during the design, how to treat the outdoor garden, a large number of display interior, the painting on the wall, they all according to Mr. Xu’s wishes. This bold design decision finally make a good harmonious fusion from designers and customer’s will luckily. Our design is like a stage set, or like "white space" of traditional ink painting technique, make the Chinese traditional culture elements in full display here. Mr. Xu with his students and friends involved in the whole process deeply, after completion of the construction, they will start to do art activities such as kunqu opera the Pony Pavilion. In a demo perform finished complete, we appreciated the shocking scenario of kunqu opera song in the high open studio space

　　Walking Into the studio which has just completed, We can imagine to watch the lake and snow in next winter; and Mr. Xu and his friends listen to zither in a teahouse next summer under the warmsun; and in the big studio rocking chair with Cricket chirping, a series of touching scene.